Siege warfare of the ancient and medieval world surely terrorized those inside castles or towns. Starting with World War II, large-scale bombing has been a fact of modern warfare, but bombing of military targets is surely not an act of terrorism, even though the civilian population may be harmed or terrorized. After all, few would consider soldiers in warfare terrorists, yet surely they try to make their enemy "fearful" of them.
This, however, is not a complete definition. Terrorists seek to "terrify" people and strike fear in the minds of those at whom their terror is directed. There are no complete or certain definitions of terrorism. The American response was a "war on terror." In an age of rising incidents of terrorism, numerous scholars, and more important, much of the general public, have again asked if John Brown was America's "first terrorist." Now it was tied to a worldwide conspiracy, coordinated overseas and meticulously planned. It was no longer the result of random attacks by an individual or two. Was he a model for the cowards who planted bombs at clinics, in public parks, or in buildings? Significantly, at least one modern terrorist, Paul Hill, compared himself to John Brown after he was arrested for murdering two people who worked at a women's clinic in Florida.Ī year after Brown's bicentennial, the United States was faced with multiple terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, killing 168 people and injuring more than 680 others.ĭuring that bicentennial year, a number of historians and others talked about whether John Brown was America's first terrorist. Bombings, ambushes, and assassinations had been directed at women's clinics and physicians in a number of places a bomb planted in Atlanta's Centennial Olympic Park during the 1996 summer Olympics had killed one person and wounded more than a hundred people in 1995 a pair of right-wing extremists had planted a bomb at the Alfred A. At that time, domestic terrorism was a growing problem. In 2000, the United States marked the bicentennial of Brown's birth. For many Northerners, he was a prophet of righteousness, bringing down a terrible swift sword against the immorality of slavery and the haughtiness of the Southern master class. For Southerners, he was the embodiment of all their fears-a white man willing to die to end slavery-and the most potent symbol yet of aggressive Northern antislavery sentiment. When Brown was hanged in 1859 for his raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia, many saw him as the harbinger of the future. (111-BA-1101)Īs we celebrate the beginning of the sesquicentennial of the American Civil War, it is worthwhile to remember, and contemplate, the most important figure in the struggle against slavery immediately before the war: John Brown. For many Northerners, he was a prophet of righteousness. "I want to reassure you that we are fully cooperating with the authorities," Raveendran said, adding that the required documentation and statutory filings had been submitted to the Enforcement Directorate.For Southerners, Brown was the embodiment of all their fear-a white man willing to die to end slavery.
The company had taken all efforts to comply with foreign exchange laws and all cross-border transactions were routed through regular banking channels, he added. In the internal memo, Raveendran said that the company had sent some money overseas to fund its international acquisitions.
The agency also said that the company remitted 97.5 billion rupees to various foreign jurisdictions between 20 in the name of overseas direct investments. The searches revealed that Byju's parent firm Think & Learn Pvt Ltd had received foreign direct investment of nearly 280 billion rupees ($3.43 billion) between 20, the agency said on Saturday.
India's Enforcement Directorate raided three premises linked to the company on Saturday over alleged foreign exchange law violations. "As we are funded by 70+ impact investors who have satisfactorily done due diligence on our operations, including all FEMA (Foreign Exchange Management Act) compliance, we are confident that the authorities will also come to the same conclusion", CEO Byju Raveendran said in the memo sent late on Saturday, which was seen by Reuters.īyju's did not respond immediately to a request for comment. It has attracted global investors such as General Atlantic, BlackRock and Sequoia Capital, which have invested in the company over the years. NEW DELHI, April 30 (Reuters) - Indian education platform Byju's CEO is confident that the country's financial crime-fighting agency will find the company compliant after raids on its premises over suspected breaches of foreign exchange laws, according to an internal memo.īyju's is one of India's biggest startups, once valued at $22 billion.
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