This includes some traditional Asian games of the chess family, such as shogi, xiangqi, and janggi (in fact these variants do not allow pawns to capture diagonally). The en passant capture is not present in chess variants that do not allow pawns to advance two squares, such as Dragonchess and Raumschach. Some fairy chess pieces can capture en passant, such as the Berolina pawn. In 5D Chess with Multiverse Time Travel, capturing en passant is allowed within the spatial dimensions but not across time or between timelines. In some three-dimensional variants, such as millennium 3D chess or Alice chess, capturing en passant is allowed, though in the former case, the captured pawn's two-square move cannot have been purely vertical.
Such games usually allow an en passant capture on any square the pawn passes. For example, a pawn can make an initial move of up to four squares in double chess, and up to six squares in chess on a really big board. Some larger variants allow pawns to make an initial move of more than two squares. In most chess variants, pawns move as in standard chess, so the en passant capture is the same. Howard, "En passant pawn captures frequently produce striking effects in the opening and closing of lines, both for white and black." : 106 By retrograde analysis convention, a pawn may be captured en passant only if it can be proven to have advanced two squares on the previous move. The en passant capture is often used as a theme in chess problems. In his 1860 book Chess Praxis, Howard Staunton wrote that the en passant capture is mandatory in such a position the rules of chess were amended to make this clear. : 49 Chess players debated this point in the 19th century, with some arguing that the right to capture en passant is a "privilege" that one cannot be compelled to exercise. In his book on chess organization and rules, International Arbiter Kenneth Harkness wrote that people frequently asked if this is the case. When a player is not in check, and capturing en passant is their only legal move, they are forbidden to "claim" a draw by stalemate they must either perform the move or end the game on their turn via normal means. In the context of threefold and fivefold repetition, two positions are considered different if the opportunity to perform a given en passant capture exists in one position but not the other. : 124–125 Draw by repetition and stalemate In 1880, Italy adopted the rules used by the rest of the world, including the en passant capture, in preparation for the 1881 Milan tournament.
: 16 In some parts of Europe, particularly in Italy, the rule was excluded this exclusion was known as passar battaglia. The en passant capture was one of the last major additions to European chess. The en passant capture may have been introduced at that time, or it may have come later the earliest references to this rule date to the 16th century. The two-square advance was introduced later, between the 13th and 16th centuries, to speed up games. In early versions of chess, the pawn could not advance two squares on its first move.
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